The “ISIS” and “Al-Qaeda” organizations differ ideologically and strategically, and this reached the extent of eliminating each other in Syria, Afghanistan, the Sahel and Sahel countries, and others. However, they agreed to kill the heterodox and the violators under the pretext of some intellectual principles that legitimize the excommunication of countries and peoples, and the absence of an excuse of ignorance for the perpetrators of acts of infidelity and infidelity. With loyalty, theses create terrorist elements and organizations all the time.

ISIS and Al-Qaeda and the beginnings of the divergence

The leader of the jihad group, Sayyed Imam al-Sharif in Afghanistan, raised the issue of “excommunication of the ruler’s agents” in his two books, “Al-Jami’ – Al-Umda fi Preparing the Iddah,” so the organization split, and the wings appeared: “Al-Zawahiri – Ahmed Hussein Agiza – Sayyed Imam Al-Sharif,” after which Sayyed Imam was removed and Al-Zawahiri appointed. As his successor leader.

At the same time in the city of Herat, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi was following the same ideas as Sayyid Imam al-Sharif, Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi, the author of the book “The Clear Reagents in the Kafr al-Dawla of Saudi Arabia,” and Abu Qatada, the author of the book “Between Two Approaches” and the fatwa permissible to kill officers’ women and their children, which he called: “ A fatwa of great importance regarding the killing of children and women.”

In the “Khalden” camp in the Khost Province of Afghanistan, the Egyptian Sharia official Abu Abdullah al-Muhajir, who later became the main ISIS jurist (he was killed in Syria), was teaching in a camp supervised by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, for his book “Issues from the Jurisprudence of Jihad,” and he gave Episodes on “The Center of Governance on Current Rulings at Home,” and “Kafr Wardah is one who belongs to the armies of infidelity.”

Disagreements remained hidden within Al-Qaeda on these issues until Abu Musab al-Zarqawi carried out comprehensive bombings inside Iraq, and discussions began between him and Bin Laden, about declaring Shiites as infidels in general, so Al-Zarqawi insisted on declaring them as infidels.

Al-Zarqawi was killed and Abd al-Moneim Ezz Badawi, known as “Bin Laden Abu Hamza al-Muhajir,” was assigned to lead “Al-Qaeda” in Iraq in order to reset its ideas, and al-Muhajir failed to do so because of the influence of the Iraqis who appointed Abu Omar al-Baghdadi, and they carried out the so-called Mutaybin Pact, and appointed al-Muhajir as a minister. For defense, until he and Abu Omar al-Baghdadi were killed in 2009, and then Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi assumed leadership.

During the era of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the organization was actually managed by Haji Bakr, a former Iraqi army officer, and al-Zawahiri recognized the Islamic State of Iraq, until the “Syrian Revolution” began, and Abu Muhammad al-Julani was assigned to establish a branch in it, and subsequently the name of the organization became (the Islamic State in Iraq). And the Levant), then Hajji Bakr was killed in Syria, and Abu Khaled Al-Suri was killed, and the reconciliation process between Al-Julani and Al-Baghdadi failed, and the former announced his withdrawal from the “ISIS” organization, considering that it was a branch of “Al-Qaeda.” Al-Zawahiri also announced, in a strategic mistake, that he supported Al-Julani, in return he announced Al-Baghdadi from the Mosul Caliphate Mosque, which put “Al-Qaeda” in great embarrassment, as Al-Baghdadi became a leader of a state and a possible prince, and “Al-Qaeda” as it is an organization and its leader became an emir, which necessitates the prince’s subordination to the caliph.

Discussions continued and efforts to calm the situation failed, and writings began legitimizing the new situation (extending hands on the obligation of allegiance to Al-Baghdadi to Turki Al-Binali), and other writings that required subordination to Al-Baghdadi and forbade the work of organizations, and after that, writings began to come out that declared atonement for all organizations as long as they did not pledge allegiance to the state and operated under its banner, until it ended. The organization calls for takfir of anyone who carries a weapon against the regime, even if he is not a democrat, secularist, or protester against Muslims just because he is not with the organization, and the takfir of anyone who obtains a passport or carries an identity card, and the takfir of employees in general, without detail, and the takfir of whoever seeks intercession from a martyr and the description of a martyr who It requires him to intercede for the tyrant, and declare takfir of a group of Muslim scholars, dead and alive, both free and captive, and takfir of a group of former leaders of the organizations, or to stop at the people and not judge their Islam, then takfir al-Zawahiri because he pledged allegiance to the leader of the “Taliban,” who is an infidel from the point of view of “ISIS” because He dialogues with the “American” infidels in Doha, according to the rule that whoever does not declare an infidel an infidel is an infidel, and other doctrines of fanaticism and excessive extremism.

The conflicting wings of ISIS

After what was mentioned above, “conflicting wings within ISIS” were formed, which are: the wing of Abu Jaafar al-Hattab, a member of the Sharia Committee, and they sometimes call him “Al-Hazmi,” and he was the one who proposed the ruling on declaring the polytheists as infidels, and that the ruling declaring him to be an infidel is one of the principles of the religion and not one of its requirements, and he declared infidelity. Those living in the lands of infidelity, and at that time this movement was eradicated, its ideologues were sentenced to death, and the rest of its members were subjected to imprisonment and repentance. This led to an internal problem, which prompted the second man in it, Abu Alaa Al-Afri, “Abu Ali Al-Anbari,” to isolate because of the closeness of some of the legalists to him, after the execution of Abu Jaafar al-Hattab was sentenced to death in public.

The number of those executed from the Al-Hazmi Al-Khattab movement and wing reached approximately 700, most of whom were from Tunisia and North African countries, for fear of the organization’s disintegration, and because some of the followers of this movement were planning a coup against the leader of the organization itself, Abu Bakr Al-Baghdadi.

“ISIS” considers Shiites in general to be infidels, while “Al-Qaeda” only considers their leaders, fighters, and militias to be infidels. According to the well-known Salafist jihadist ideologue Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi’s advice to Al-Zarqawi, “Al-Qaeda” has taken the pivotal point in which it does not see the blood of the entire Shiite sect as permissible.

form A second wing led by Abu Muhammad Al-Furqan Wael Hussein, ISIS Minister of Information, Through the “Al-Naba’ newspaper” and the publications of the “Al-Hayat Foundation” that he supervised, he was the one who raised issues that were less severe than the wing of Abu Jaafar Al-Hattab, regarding the issue of halting the ruling on those living in the abode of infidelity, and not sequentially in declaring atonement, but rather halting and clarifying, but he adopted positions Similar to them, such as: that there is no excuse for ignorance in matters of monotheism and polytheism, or matters of religion that are necessarily known, and that takfir is one of the apparent principles of religion, and all of this called for the legal scholars working in the Office of Research and Fatwa, led by Abu Bakr al-Qahtani and Turki bin Ali, to respond to it in Consecutive releases.

And it was The wing of Bin Ali and Al-Qahtani is the third wing of ISIS, and with them were Abu Muhammad al-Hashemi, Abu Muhammad al-Masry, and Abu Yaqoub al-Maqdisi. Their ideas can be summed up in that the excuse of ignorance is permissible in matters of monotheism and polytheism and other matters, and that the basis for those who live in lands of temporary infidelity is Islam. Takfir is not one of the foundations of religion.

ISIS and Al-Qaeda agree on takfir

According to the book of ISIS ideologue Abu Abdullah Al-Muhajir on Al-Hakimiya, which was produced by Al-Tahya Media Production, both organizations transferred governance from matters of jurisprudence to doctrinal issues, and in the ruling of the home, that is, the “state” that is not above the provisions of Sharia, it is infidel, and their generalization of the term “infidelity.” And the juggernaut” to include all institutions of government, and refused to call the “mixed house” to countries, relying on the theories of the Egyptian Sharia and former interior officer Hilmi Hashem.

Abd al-Rahman al-Ali mentioned in his book, “The Ruling on Belonging to the Armies of Infidels,” that the two organizations agree on the ruling on the sect and the armies that they are infidel armies, but they differ on the issues of whether they fight to repel an attacker or not, the ruling on those who belong to the armies of infidels deceiving them, and the ruling on seeking help in fighting from infidels, apostates, and sects. The ruling on supporting the polytheists and their demonstration against Muslims, the extent of the legitimacy of killing an apostate even if he shows repentance, the ruling on common Shiites, declaring a specific person to be an infidel, killing apostates, and distinguishing between civilian and military.

“ISIS” considers Shiites in general to be infidels, while “Al-Qaeda” only considers their leaders, fighters, and militias to be infidels. According to the well-known ideologue of Jihadist Salafism, Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi, advising Al-Zarqawi, “Al-Qaeda” took the crucial point in which it does not see the permissibility of the blood of the entire Shiite sect, going to differentiate between sectarian scholars. Shiites and their common people.

“ISIS” issued the book “Exposing the Suspicions of Fighters Under the Banner of Those Who Dishonored the Principles of Religion,” a book whose author sees the disbelief of the “Taliban” movement and the “Syrian Democratic Forces” (SDF) and the sanctity of fighting in their ranks, while “Al-Qaeda” republished Abu Muhammad’s book. Al-Maqdisi, “The Bright Jokes in the Notes of Al-Jami’,” in which he commented on the foundations of Sayyed Imam in his book “Al-Jami’ fi Seet al-Sharif al-Ilm.”

The issues became more branched and complex in the “ISIS” organization at the beginning of the era of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, as it was preoccupied with issues such as the permissibility of fighting the Awakening and their rule, and the rule of the Syrian factions, which did not pledge allegiance, and other sub-issues branched out from the main issues and became the subject of controversy for wide discussions, namely: popularizing the term (Disbelief and tyrant) to include all state institutions or its residents. Is the origin of monotheism permissible to be ignorant of?

“ISIS” insisted on pledging allegiance to the empowered imam, and declared disbelief in anyone who did not pledge allegiance to the caliph and leader of the organization, according to the book “The Organization’s Obligations for Joining the State” by Abu Hassan al-Azdi, and on disbelief in loyalty, that is, expanding the provisions of apostasy to include any faction that allys or negotiates with the secularists, and the consequences that follow from that. The rule of sitting with supporters of democracy, and this was evident in the recorded debate that took place between Abu Yazan and Abu Muhammad al-Adnani, the former spokesman for ISIS.

“ISIS” declares an infidel whoever resorts to the laws, even if he is forced, as the organization asked Abu al-Mundhir al-Harbi to repent, because it considers it permissible to refer to the courts. It declares an infidel of those who do not perform the punishments in liberated places, and an infidel of the excuser: that is, an infidel of the one who excuses people for ignorance and does not declare them an infidel, based on the rule of sequence in Takfir: “Whoever does not declare an infidel a disbeliever is an infidel,” and what is known in the literature of the jihadist movement as the third nullifier, “disbelief in sequence,” and this is what was stated in a recorded hadith by the organization’s jurist, Abu Bakr al-Qahtani.

The strange thing is that both organizations agreed on the priority of fighting those whom they condemned as apostasy, but ISIS was more extreme in the issue of the permissibility of killing for the sake of self-interest as long as the organization’s leader deems it so, and this is what was stated in the letter “Secret Advice to the Emirs of State.”

In conclusion, both ISIS and Al-Qaeda borrowed the intellectual origins of all political Islam organizations, stemming from the issue of governance, the lack of excuse for ignorance, ruling over states, and declaring loyalty to be infidels, and each of them differed in taking and extremism in these issues, which caused internecine battles between them. Continuing until now.