Faced with the events of February 2011, Libya seemed to offer itself as a “sacred sacrifice” to the forces of political Islam and its jihadist organizations in order to tamper with the reality and future of one of the most important points of political geography overlooking the Mediterranean.

Libya, which suffered throughout the past decade from regional division and conflict between active political bodies that strongly expressed this division between the east and west of the country, witnessed a dense and heavy presence of all political Islam organizations and the regional forces supporting them, in addition to the Salafist jihadist movement and the “ISIS” and “ISIS” organizations. Al-Qaeda”.

Distribution of Islamists in the geography of Libya

The presence of Islamists and their political weight in Libya varies from one geography to another across various parts of the country, according to what has been shown by the interactions of a full decade since the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi’s regime, as the western region is the main incubator of this movement at its various levels and formations, and on the other side comes the eastern region of the country. The Islamists there are considered the main opponents of the social forces, while the treatment of the southern tribes with the political Islam movements seems to range from lack of interest and pragmatism in an inseparable manner from the main features that characterize the treatment of the southern tribes with the entire political process, given that their geographical presence in the country is located between the regions of the East and the West. Which makes the influence of both the powers of the East and the West have a prominent presence in the southern regions.

Just as the presence of these organizations varies in the Libyan space, their impact and interactions in the political sphere and the forces involved in the conflict vary, both at the political and field levels, as the positioning of the “Muslim Brotherhood” movement appears to be at more than one level and degree. Once on the organizational level through an advocacy association under the name “Revival and Renewal Association” since the beginning of May of the year 2021, and another time on the political and party level through the “Justice and Construction Party” and its new president, Imad Al-Banani, after the defection of the old ally, Muhammad Sawan, and his founding of another party. Under the name “Democratic Party”.

The “Muslim Brotherhood” has not left the map of active positions in Libya over the past decade, as it was keen to cling to the leadership of the Supreme Council of State through Khaled Al-Mishri retaining the position for successive terms and then passing the position to Mr. Muhammad Takaleh, a member of the “Justice and Construction Party” against the backdrop of the conflict between Al-Mishri and the Prime Minister. National Unity, Abdul Hamid Al-Dabaiba.

All of this is linked to another active movement within the geography of the capital and the western region, which is the movement of Mufti Al-Sadiq Al-Gharyani, which expresses jihadist Salafism and is completely allied with the executive government authority and the Supreme Council of State to a lesser extent, especially through the members of the Council, some of whom belong to the Muhammad Sawan bloc and the “Democratic Party,” which He stands against the authority of the bear.

In addition, during the past decade, Libya witnessed the emergence on the ground of a number of extremist organizations that belong to some degree or degree to the ideas of the terrorist organization “Al-Qaeda,” and which engaged in armed action. The most prominent of these organizations are the “Ansar al-Sharia Movement,” “Benghazi Defense Brigades,” and “Benghazi Defense Brigades.” “Derna Mujahideen Shura Council.” These organizations emerged during the first years that followed the exit of the Gaddafi regime from the circle of power, especially in the eastern region, before their presence began to gradually decline in the period between 2014 and 2018 due to the security strikes they received from the “Libyan National Army” forces. Led by Khalifa Haftar in both the city of Benghazi and the city of Derna.

Although these organizations do not recognize political work, their presence was used by political Islam movements to arrange field and political results that were in the interest of this movement, whose symbols provided political, media, financial and military support to these formations during the period of their activity in the eastern region and with the disappearance of the presence of this movement. In the eastern region, some members of these organizations were distributed among a number of militias affiliated with the cities of the western region.

Huge repercussions on the political scene

The geographical division and its reflection at the level of political conflict have a number of elements and contexts that should be scrutinized, especially at the level of political Islam organizations and the contradiction of its social incubators between the regions of the east and west of Libya, as the geography of Benghazi and its affiliated regions and the tribes there take a position of blatant hostility to those organizations, starting with the assassination incident. The Islamists of Major General Abdel Fattah Younis, during the war against Gaddafi, as Younis – former Minister of the Interior of Gaddafi – belongs to the “Obaidat tribe,” which is considered the largest tribe in the East in numbers. This hostility also took root and expanded in scope with the expansion of physical liquidation operations carried out by jihadist organizations against other military commanders and tribal notables in the cities of eastern Libya in the period following the fall of Gaddafi, as well as the multiplicity of terrorist operations that claimed the lives of thousands of people in the eastern region, in addition to injuries.

On the other hand, there is support provided by political forces from the Libyan West for these organizations, which made the cities of Western Libya involved, according to the point of view of the Cyrenaica tribes, in the violent practices carried out by extremist groups in the eastern region. This led, from an early stage, to the intertwining of the position on the Islamists with political divisions on the basis of Regional between the east and west of the country, the influence of which continued and became apparent to everyone through the alliance that brings together the executive authority, the “National Unity Government” in the capital, Tripoli, with the movement of Mufti Sadiq al-Gharyani, the Supreme Council of State, and the “Justice and Construction Party” in exchange for the House of Representatives and the Libyan army led by Khalifa. Haftar in the east.

There is no doubt that the regional and international changes that have occurred in recent years have cast a shadow on the form of the political process in Libya and the implementation of the electoral entitlement, especially with all political bodies clinging to their positions and distrusting each other, especially with the House of Representatives’ insistence on the necessity of forming a unified executive government that can carry out the electoral entitlement. In the entire Libyan territory, the executive authority is allied with all parties that guarantee his continuation in office.

This became clear with the dispute that struck Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Al-Dabaiba and the Governor of the Central Bank of Libya, Al-Siddiq Al-Kabir, against the backdrop of the latter’s insistence on stopping the disbursement of any funds from the state’s general budget, except with the approval of the House of Representatives, except for what is related to the salaries item.

Likewise, informed Libyan sources said that the Libyan capital, Tripoli, witnessed a meeting at the home of Mufti Al-Sadiq Al-Gharyani in the Tajoura area of ​​the capital, Tripoli, where the meeting included the Governor of the Central Bank, Al-Siddiq Al-Kabir, the head of the Audit Bureau, Khaled Shakshak, the Prime Minister, Abdul Hamid Al-Dabaiba, and the commander of an armed formation. From the city of Zawiya, Mahmoud bin Rajab.

A dispute broke out between Abdul Hamid Al-Dabaiba and his deputy, Ramadan Boujanah, which led to a escalation in relations between them. The dispute came against the backdrop of the former’s disposal of 100 million Libyan dinars (about 20 million dollars) allocated for the reconstruction of the south.

Special Libyan sources for “Al-Hal Net”

In the context of their talk to Al-Hal Net, the sources continued that the meeting took place at the request of the Prime Minister, through the mediation of the Mufti, to persuade Al-Siddiq Al-Kabir to spend the budget items in their usual form, in addition to the pressure exerted by the Governor of the Central Bank by accusing the Prime Minister of incidents of corruption, which prompted the Mufti to He asks Al-Kabir and Shakshak for the papers that indicate Dabaiba’s personal corruption, and confronts him about it.

Libyan sources indicate that the meeting ended without tangible results between Dabaiba and Al-Kabir, who insists on linking the exchange to the approval of the House of Representatives.

In connection with this, sources spoke of a dispute that broke out between Abdul Hamid Al-Dabaiba and his deputy, Ramadan Boujannah, which led to a escalation in relations between them. The dispute between the two men came against the backdrop of the former’s disposal of 100 million Libyan dinars (about 20 million dollars) allocated for the reconstruction of the south.

The head of the executive authority, Abdul Hamid Al-Dabaiba, deposited the amount in an account designated for the reconstruction of southern Libya as an independent item, but his deputy, Ramadan Boujannah, during his recent tour to several countries, including Iran and his return to Libya, was surprised that Al-Dabaiba had withdrawn the amount from the account, which prompted the latter to become angry. In a discussion with Al-Dabaiba in his office, he was in a state of anger and confronted him about disbursing the amount from the account contrary to the item listed on it.

Determinants of the political crisis

Informed Libyan sources explain this behavior by the head of the executive authority of the National Unity Government, Abdul Hamid Al-Dabaiba, regarding the amount against the backdrop of the Governor of the Central Bank of Libya’s refusal to liquidate any funds for his government, due to its corruption and his requirement for the approval of the House of Representatives to disburse any item other than salaries.

By examining all the contradictions, clashes of visions, and alliances between all political bodies, ideological forces, and active regional and international parties, we can see well and examine the determinants of the political blockage crisis in Libya and the responsibility of political Islam organizations for employing these contradictions among the active forces locally to confuse the political scene and prolong the life of the crisis to unknown horizons.

Based on this, it is possible to understand the size and depth of the changes that occurred in the alliances of some international powers with political bodies in Libya, especially at the level of discrepancy that occurred in Russia’s relationship with the Libyan parties, as the Russian presence became aware of the Libyan space with the movements of Field Marshal Khalifa Haftar to enter the capital, Tripoli, and support his efforts in In this regard, however, in the recent period, this presence has emerged on the other side through strengthening Moscow’s relations with the forces of the Libyan West.

This appeared through Moscow’s reception of the head of the Supreme Council of State, Mohamed Takala, at the end of last December, and the reception of Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dabaiba, the Russian ambassador to Libya, Aidar Aganin, and discussing the political files between the two countries, and the Russian ambassador’s confirmation that the embassy would continue to work entirely from within the capital. Her crew.

Libyan sources indicated that Takala’s visit to Moscow came based on the desire of Abdul Hamid Al-Dabaiba, who is interested in involving Moscow in the political process and does not pay attention to that close relationship with Khalifa Haftar, in addition to the fact that Al-Dabaiba is actively seeking to employ Moscow’s desire to diversify the level of its relations between the forces of the East and the West in order to enhance its presence. In Libya and competing with the United States of America with the aim of benefiting from the Russian presence in managing the conflict and not submitting to the pressures being exerted to form a new government to implement the Libyan electoral entitlement and resolve the country’s crises gradually one by one.