اخبار السودان – وطن نيوز
اخر اخبار السودان اليوم – اخبار السودان العاجلة
W6nnews.com ==== وطن === تاريخ النشر – 2026-01-23 11:09:00
Jamal Muhammad Ibrahim (1) Writers who are far from the literature on Sudanese affairs often see that Sudan, whose news they are accustomed to tracking, and its disasters and tragedies being pursued in the media, is merely a footnote in the book of any of the countries neighboring it. The text in the language is the origin of the back of something, and it is an expression that refers to the text of a book or its manuscript, and the margin does not need explanation. But I see it as a clear injustice that most of the media figures and writers I intended to continue to follow the gaze of some Western orientalists, and fall short of a hasty vision of the existing relationship between Sudan and Egypt. They see it as a relationship of follower and followed, or a relationship of an attached fringe with an authentic body, or perhaps, at best, the backyard of a landlord. If it is not characterized by a deeper study of its geography and its recent and distant history, the area of Sudan extends from the north of the sources of the “White Nile” River and its upper reaches, in the middle of the African continent at Lake “Victoria”, to meet the “Blue Nile” River from its Ethiopian sources, at “Lake Tana”. The two great rivers meet at Khartoum, and become one river, bearing the name “The Nile”. To divide its Sudanese valley northwards, to its lower confines in Egypt, and then to its mouth in the Mediterranean Sea. Thus the geographical picture is formed of a valley bisected by a river whose upper part is Sudan, and whose population is a mixture of African, Pharaonic (Nubian) and Arab elements, and its north is Egypt overlooking the Mediterranean, and its population – in short – They descend from Pharaonic, Mediterranean, and Arab civilizations. (2) We will not go into the details of the interaction between the inhabitants of the Nile Valley, its Sudanese south and its Egyptian north, but it must be pointed out that there was a partnership between an ancient Pharaonic civilization, in the Nile Valley, as it expanded along that valley, and its heart was in the Nubia region, which shared a fundamental presence between northern Sudan and southern Egypt as long ago as travelers And the discoverers discovered the sources of the Nile and its branches, and they passed from the north to the valley and southward against the current, in a geographical area inhabited by various tribes, sects, and disparate population groups. At the beginning of the sixteenth century, specifically in the year 1505 AD, a state was formed called the “Fung” state, and it bore the name “The Blue Sultanate” of two large sects. This was a state that was established in the Nile Valley on the remains Previous Christian states weakened and collapsed. We note here that “blue” among the ancient Sudanese and to this day is what is called the color black. That state that was established in the south of the Nile Valley was the beginning of the formation of the geography of Sudan that is closest to its position on current maps, and its capital was the city of “Sinnar,” which is located on the Blue Nile, and it is a central location around which many tribes in the Nile Valley cohabited. This was a kingdom whose inhabitants were Muslims, and of course there were other inhabitants among them. Perhaps what is striking is that there was a coincidence that occurred between an Islamic state that was lost in Andalusia at the end of the fifteenth century, and the emergence of an Islamic state, the “Fung State,” established in the Nile Valley, at the beginning of the sixteenth century AD, and which lasted for more than three hundred years, when disputes and conflicts arose between the various elements of that state, and it weakened That sultanate was fragmented, and aspirants came from neighboring countries, and Ottoman Egypt was among the first. (3) Egypt took the initiative to invade Sudan, which was disintegrated, in 1820 AD. This was the beginning of the rule of Muhammad Ali Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt, over the country of Sudan, and he was a proxy ruler of the Ottoman Caliphate. Sudan continued to be ruled in the name of the Khedive of Egypt on behalf of Constantinople for about sixty years. In clearer language, the ruler of Egypt, in the name of the Ottoman Caliphate in Turkey, was the one who controlled and ruled Sudan. The Sudanese call that colonial era of their country the “former Turkish” era, which is a logical description of that situation, and it was not described as the “former Egyptian” era. That Turkish rule continued until the Sudanese uprised and united to get rid of it, under the banners of Imam Mahdi, so that the Sudanese would have their own state completely independent of it. The former Turkish/Egyptian Khedive of Egypt was the one who sought help from the British, who controlled Egyptian decision-making through their legations in Egypt, to regain control over Sudan again. From 1899 AD until 1956 AD, the British ruled Sudan through a historically unprecedented “bilateral rule” agreement, with the nominal, unequal participation of Khedive Egypt. Because Sudanese forces, under the command of the United Kingdom, participated in the fighting. With the Allies in the battles of World War II (1939-1945), especially in Libya and Ethiopia, the British colonizer fulfilled his pledges and agreed to grant Sudan its right to self-rule according to an agreement concluded in 1952 AD, after which Sudan gained its independence, in January 1956 AD. (4) In my opinion, this detailed narrative is necessary in order to reveal the white threads From the black threads, then the gray ones. “Khedival Egypt”, which ruled Egypt in the name of the Ottoman Caliphate from Turkey, which ended with the revolution of July 1952 AD, did not have actual control over the conditions of Sudan, but rather this was a nominal participation, which may not allow current Egypt any claims to previous historical control over Sudan in the era extending from 1820 AD to 1885 AD The Khedive rulers of Egypt, on behalf of Turkey, assumed control of Sudan, an era that ended with the Sudanese revolution under the banners of the Mahdist Revolution in 1885 AD, after which they ruled themselves, until the end of the nineteenth century. After that, control of Sudan was in the hands of Britain, with nominal assistance from Egypt, until Sudan gained its independence in 1956. He who returned after a visit to London, said to the Egyptians: “I brought you sovereignty over Sudan,” he was not entirely truthful, as that statement was quickly proven false, as the events that occurred after that happened when the British Sirdar, the commander of the Egyptian armies and the Governor-General of Sudan, Sir Fitzgerald Lee Stack, was assassinated in Cairo in 1924 AD, and after that Egypt no longer had any form of effective participation in ruling Sudan, and it was isolated. Britain completely dominated Sudan. Whoever wrote the phrase “Farouk, King of Egypt and Sudan,” in the document of that king’s abdication of his kingship, and then sailed his ship from Alexandria to the coast of Italy, knew that it was merely a complimentary phrase devoid of any legal meaning, but rather it was written to satisfy the ego of an expelled king in the February 12 agreement 1952 AD, and before the officers’ revolution in July 1952 AD, who expelled that king, the British – the colonialist who effectively ruled Sudan, with Egypt’s formal silence – signed a document granting Sudan its right to self-rule (5) and because the Egyptian-Sudanese brotherhood is rooted in the history and geography of the Nile Valley, since the ancient Pharaonic centuries, The diplomacy of independent Sudan, which history has preserved, has a commitment to the dimensions of that brotherhood. You will see in the Halayeb border crisis between Egypt and Sudan an embodiment that values that brotherhood. If the two governments disagreed about Halayeb, and Sudan’s complaint reached the offices of the United Nations, and Sudan continued to renew it every session of its General Assembly, But it remained a “sleeping complaint” for decades, so as not to embarrass Egypt despite the bitter dispute between the two regimes. But the people are one here or there, and our singer sings: “We are all children of the Nile.” As for the diplomacy of independent Sudan since 1956 AD, the United Nations bears witness to it in the minutes of its General Assembly sessions, what it presented in the late fifties and early sixties of the twentieth century, in activating the resolution. 1415, regarding the right to self-determination of the colonized peoples, and its role in defending the Algerian liberation movement, supporting it diplomatically and militarily, and in standing with the Congolese people and demanding an investigation into the assassination of Patrice Lumumba, the symbolic leader of independent Congo and free Africa (6). Because Sudan is one of the first countries to achieve independence south of the Sahara, it has worked to Providing political and logistical support to African liberation movements, throughout the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century, and he was one of the founders of the African Organization in 1963 AD. Not only that, but I am telling you that the representative of Sudan, the most prominent and distinguished ambassador, Omar Adeel, and at the age of thirty-eight, was one of three, the United Nations departments agreed to consider nominating one of them to occupy the position The Secretary-General of the United Nations succeeded Hammarskjöld on the eve of his assassination, by a diabolical conspiracy of great powers, but because the priority was for the continent of Asia, O Thant won the position of Secretary-General. It is not out of favor or harm, when we refer to the leadership of the Sudanese Foreign Minister Al-Mahjoub of Arab diplomacy at the United Nations, as he was the voice. The strongest, speaking on behalf of the Arab delegations after the defeat of June 1967, and that year coincided – as is known – with Khartoum hosting the famous “No” summit. There is a lot that can be said about the sobriety of Sudanese diplomacy, which was never at the tail end in its territory, or among its pavements on the African continent, or in the Middle East, or was on the margins of the texts of any country in the world. Countries, whether near or far. Isn’t it unfair to hear from a “populist” leader who is not as experienced in politics or diplomacy as he is in the world of trade, financial deals, and women’s love affairs, a phrase in which he refers to Sudan, since “that country has not been heard of much and its name is Sudan,” except when the Saudi Crown Prince, His Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman, spoke about it.. (7) The general culture Regarding Sudan, and since the first decades of its independence, every observer and every informed person has spoken about the positive roles of its notable roles in the history of the African continent and in the issues of the Arab nation, by virtue of his dual affiliation to those two circles. The Ethiopian Emperor returned to his country strengthened and honored, after he resided in Khartoum in the wake of World War II, and stayed for long months as a guest with the honorable and hospitable Sheikh of the Indian sect, Mr. Burri suburb in the heart of Khartoum. Lumumba, whom Western colonial countries conspired to assassinate. His supporters, ministers and leaders of his government took refuge in Sudan, when the former colonialist bullied him and killed him, and installed the separatist “Tshombe” in his place. Leaders and leaders in the state of Chad, most of whom took refuge in Sudan for a number of years, then they returned from Khartoum. To rule their country. As for Uganda, the tyrant Idi Amin ruled for a full decade from 1971 to 1980. He was of close Sudanese origin. The Ugandan army commander, Idi Amin, removed President Milton Obote from power in Kampala after a military coup, and the legitimate president came to Khartoum as a refugee for a short period, in the early seventies of the last century. The late leader of Ethiopia, Meles. Zenawi left Khartoum victorious and supported by it to assume leadership of the new regime in Addis Ababa, after the tyrant Mengistu Haile Mariam fled from it. Regarding Eritrea, the Eritrean leader Isaias Afewerki declared his country’s independence from the Sudanese capital, Khartoum. After his long stay for years in the Al-Juraif suburb of Khartoum, which sheltered him, he left as president for his country, Eritrea, in September. 1991 AD. Do you think it was in anyone’s mind – except perhaps in the imagination of some “populist” leaders like Trump – that Sudan would be the unknown, the unmentioned, and some see it as marginal or (foot note)) in any other country? It destroyed the people of Sudan and destroyed its state. It was once that monster that was feared among its African continent and its Arab surroundings. You can look around you and see that the destruction and destruction that is taking place in Sudan is in the hands of the Sudanese themselves, and in the hands of greedy people who do not know its history. It is destruction and destruction, with no limits or limits to its extent Seeing him, he may lament the condition of a country that the colonialists considered a small “microscopic” image of Africa, the spearhead of the development of the entire continent of Greater Africa, and the breadbasket of the Middle East, but then it is in the midst of its disasters, floundering in its miserable humanitarian conditions, and there is no consolation in its annihilation. As for the mourners, and those who are moved by strong emotions Near or far, let them stop belittling the concerns of the Sudanese, for Sudan is not that lazy dwarf, nor is it the tail country that is being led, nor is it the backyard of any other country. It is not Sudan, except that genie that history knows as an agent and not an object. Cairo – 1/12/2026 jamalim@yahoo.com
