He is Omar Al-Farouq (may God be pleased with him), the age of man, and the age of the believer, the great companion. He is clean in hand, pure in mind, and good in character, a man unlike other men, an excellent genius, from the very nature of creation, who gathered all aspects of greatness from all its edges. He is the ascetic worshiper, the humble, devout, humble person, the daring fighter, the truthful one, the frank one, the speaker of the truth, the inspiring scholar, the eloquent writer, orator. The hadith scholar, the diligent jurist, the political leader, the inimitable, the great conqueror, the strong and trustworthy, the one heralded with Paradise, the martyr of the shrine, and the Commander of the Faithful.

Omar (may God be pleased with him) was born thirteen years after the Year of the Elephant, so his age at the time of the prophetic mission would have been 27 years. He lived 63 years as the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, and Abu Bakr (may God be pleased with him) lived. As for his name and lineage, he is Omar ibn al-Khattab ibn Nufayl ibn Abd al-Uzza ibn Riyah bin Abdullah bin Qart bin Razzah bin Adi bin Kaab bin Luay, bin Ghalib al-Qurashi al-Adawi. His lineage with the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, is combined in Kaab bin Luay bin Ghalib, and he was nicknamed Abu Hafs, and he was nicknamed al-Farouq, because he demonstrated Islam in Mecca, so God differentiated between disbelief and faith through him. .

After his conversion to Islam, the personality of Omar ibn al-Khattab, may God be pleased with him, was distinguished by many of the moral qualities for which he was famous, including his severity in religion, for he was stronger in God than stone, strictness in the truth, zeal for what God Almighty had forbidden, his acceptance of the truth when it became clear to him, defending it, and he was forbearing. He loves remembrance and admonition, and his heart is softened and his certainty increases when he hears. He is extremely fearful of God Almighty, pious and ascetic, desires what God has, patient, steadfast, generous, averse to flattery and praise, just, brave, humble, and cheerful..

His knowledge, piety, and etiquette: Omar (may God be pleased with him) was one of those endowed with great knowledge and great jurisprudence, and there is no doubt that what characterized Omar was sincerity of belief in God, complete certainty, purity of belief from polytheism, good adherence to the rituals of religion, and drawing closer to God through sacrifices. One of the reasons for the breadth of his knowledge and jurisprudence, and this aspect of Al-Farouq’s personality, his foundation and depth, his range and breadth, can be known from the testimony of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, in Omar (may God be pleased with him), and his extraordinary genius in him, and that is what Abdullah bin Omar narrated on the authority of the Messenger of God, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: While I was sleeping, I saw a cup brought to me that had milk in it, and I drank from it, until I saw irritation coming out on my nails. Then I gave my favor to Omar bin Al-Khattab. They said: What did you give that, O Messenger of God? He said (knowledge).

His high status in knowledge, and his deep roots in it, are confirmed by the testimonies and sayings of the Companions, such as what was reported on the authority of Abdullah bin Masoud, who said: (If the knowledge of Omar was placed on the scale of a scale, and the knowledge of the people was placed on the other, Omar’s knowledge would have outweighed the knowledge of the people! And I believe Omar was the one who died when he died. He took nine tenths of knowledge, and in a session I used to sit with Omar, I was more confident in myself than a year’s worth of work.” Al-Miswar ibn Mihramah said: “The knowledge of the entire Companions of the Messenger of God, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, ended up at six, to Omar, Uthman, Ali, Muadh ibn Jabal, Ubayy ibn Ka’b, and Zayd ibn Thabit.” May God be pleased with them)).

He is the reciter and interpreter (may God be pleased with him). He took the Qur’an from the Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, orally. Zaid bin Wahb narrated on the authority of Ibn Masoud, who said: (Omar was most pious to the Lord and read the Book of God to us), and Qabisa bin Jabir said: (I accompanied Omar bin Al-Khattab, and I did not see A man who reads the Book of God, but does not understand the religion of God, nor is he better at studying than him. Many traces of the reasons for the revelation of the Qur’an and the interpretation of its noble verses have been preserved from Omar (may God be pleased with him), including: On the authority of Tariq bin Shihab, who said: (A man came from The Jews to Omar, and he said: O Commander of the Faithful, a verse in your book that you recite. If it had been revealed to us, we Jews, we would have taken that day as a holiday. He said: And what verse? He said: Today I have perfected for you your religion, completed My blessings upon you, and have approved for you Islam as your religion. (Al-Maeda: 3) So Omar said: (May God be pleased with him): I know the day on which it was revealed, and the place in which it was revealed. It was revealed to the Messenger of God, peace and blessings of God be upon him, at Arafat on Friday. The approach of Omar (may God be pleased with him) was that he interpreted the noble verses according to what he witnessed of their revelation, or based on an interpretation. The Prophet, peace and blessings of God be upon him, and the hadiths that were mentioned in it, and if he did not find that, he resorted to understanding it, and the Companions were keen to say in it what they knew, heard and understood, from the evidence of those verses..

He is a hadith narrator. Omar (may God be pleased with him) used to ask about what he did not know, then he would refer to the Sunnah. He was very careful and firm in transmitting and narrating the hadith of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, and he urged the Companions to reduce modernity, for fear of error and delusion, and to be a role model for the people. They have the same example, so he hears the hadith from a companion, and he is fair and satisfied beyond suspicion, so he asks him for a witness who had heard that hadith like him. His doctrine in narrating hadiths was firmness and caution in publishing them, and he (may God be pleased with him) was the most feared of people in God Almighty, and he was The books of the Sunnah narrated 539 hadiths from him.

Omar, the diligent jurist: Omar (may God be pleased with him) was one of the greatest jurists of the Companions, and the most notable imams of ijtihad, due to the abundant knowledge that God Almighty gave him of abundant knowledge, penetrating insight, rare genius, and unique inspiration. Ibn Masoud said about him: When he died, he lost nine-tenths of the knowledge. . Sahl bin Abi Hathmah, one of the younger companions, narrated that he said: (Those who issued fatwas during the time of the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, were three groups from the Muhajireen, and three from the Ansar: Omar, Uthman, Ali, Ubayy bin Ka’b, Muadh bin Jabal, and Zaid bin Thabit.).

Among some of his jurisprudential choices (may God be pleased with him): His choice that it is disliked to pray in fox skins, and that it is neither disliked nor desirable for a fasting person to use the siwak after noon, and that the time for Friday is when the sun has passed the noon mark, and his choice that the takbeer on Eid is from dawn on the day of Arafat to the afternoon of the last days of Tashreeq. And that walking in front of the funeral is better, and his choice is that the gift is not required except upon receipt, and if there is a husband and parents, the husband is given half, and the mother is given a third of what is left, and what is left is for the father, and if there is a wife and parents, the wife is given a quarter, and the mother is given a third of what is left, and what is left is for the father, and these two issues They are called the two Omars, because Omar (may God be pleased with him) ruled in this regard, and Uthman, Ali, Ibn Masoud, Zaid and others (may God be pleased with them) followed him..

And the beauty of the detail, as we return to poetry, which he embodied, we see it in the best position, and the truest witness, and we glimpse from the few reports of him in his solitude, that literature was one of his aspects, in which his entourage was elevated, and in which he became sociable to his heart, and in which he returned to his nature, and perhaps It is correct to say that Omar (may God be pleased with him) was one of the first critics of Arabic poetry, as he had a great understanding of its rules and contents, and he was able to reveal the fat from the fat, within the scope of Islamic values ​​and principles, which became a standard by which he was based. People’s words and actions are also a criterion for right and wrong.

He loved poets who filled his heart with faith, and Omar’s conscience represented high ideals and lofty values, and translating them into poetry, revealed true religiosity, and depicted the virtuous morals that Islam encouraged, and whatever opposed that, Omar (may God be pleased with him) rejected it, and he (may God be pleased with him) May God be pleased with him) He has a sensitive sense, a delicate feeling, he recites poetry, savors it, and criticizes it. He is an eloquent and articulate Arab, especially if the situation arouses emotions and sensations. There is no objection to strong emotion overflowing on his tongue, poetry from his feeling and conscience. Among his poems (may God be pleased with him) is what he said upon his conversion to Islam:

Praise be to God, the Possessor of manna whom He has imposed upon us hands whose wealth is nothing else

We started and lied, but he told us the hadith was true. A prophet had the news

I wronged Ibn al-Khattab, but then my Lord guided me one evening. They said: Omar has reached the age of maturity

She regretted the mistake she had made when she recited the surahs

When she supplicated to her Lord, the Possessor of the Throne, she struggled and the tears flowed from her eyes quickly

I became certain that the one whom she calls is her Creator, so he almost surpassed me in a lesson of pearls

I said: I bear witness that God is our Creator and that Ahmed is famous among us today

A truthful prophet who came with the truth from a trustworthy and trustworthy person, there is no failure in his return.

Fragments of his sayings about knowledge, its wisdom, and its valuables: On the authority of Al-Ahnaf bin Qays, he said: Omar (may God be pleased with him) said: Learn knowledge before you become masters, and he also said: Be vessels of the Book, and springs of knowledge, and ask God for His sustenance day by day, and it will not harm you if it does not increase for you, and in In another place he said: Learn knowledge, and learn for knowledge serenity and forbearance, and be humble to those you teach, and let those you know be humble to you, and do not be tyrannical scholars, lest your knowledge be based on your ignorance. And he (may God be pleased with him) said: Knowledge is not learned for three: it is not left for three, it is not learned to be compared to it. Nor to boast about it, nor to show off, nor abandon the shyness of seeking it, nor asceticism in it, nor satisfaction with ignorance on its part, and religion is not a late-night talk, but a pious religion.

And among the precious things of his wisdom: We recall them with some of his sayings, including his saying: Whoever laughs a lot, his prestige decreases, and whoever jokes, he is belittled, and whoever talks a lot, he often falls, and whoever falls a lot, his modesty decreases, and whoever has little modesty, his piety decreases, and whoever has little piety, his heart dies. And his saying: The believer’s generosity is his piety, his religion, his decency, his chivalry and his character, and boldness and cowardice are instincts that God places wherever He wishes. The cowardly one flees from his father and his mother, and the bold fights for something that does not return him to his journey. Murder is a death from the death, and a martyr is one who believes himself to be against God..

He also said: “Gird your garments and wear them, and put on sandals and throw away the sandals, and throw on the trousers, and you must wear the clothing of your father Ismail, and beware of singing, and the uniform of the non-Arabs, and you must wear the sun, for it is the dove of the Arabs, and multiply, be rough and be of good manners, and cut your knees, and ride freely on the backs of horses, and throw away your belongings.”.

Omar (may God be pleased with him) was martyred on Wednesday four or three days before Dhul-Hijjah, in the year twenty-three of the Hijra. He was sixty-three years old according to the authentic hadith, and his caliphate lasted ten years and a half and days. It was mentioned in the history of Abu Zur’ah on the authority of Jarir al-Bajali, he said: I was with Muawiyah, and he said: The Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, died when he was sixty-three years old, Abu Bakr (may God be pleased with him) died when he was sixty-three years old, and Omar (may God be pleased with him) was killed when he was sixty-three years old.

Sources and references:

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